From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on polar.synack.me X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.9 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,MAILING_LIST_MULTI autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 X-Google-Thread: 103376,c406e0c4a6eb74ed X-Google-Attributes: gid103376,public X-Google-Language: ENGLISH,ASCII-7-bit Path: g2news1.google.com!news2.google.com!proxad.net!usenet-fr.net!enst.fr!melchior!cuivre.fr.eu.org!melchior.frmug.org!not-for-mail From: "Alexander E. Kopilovich" Newsgroups: comp.lang.ada Subject: Re: ADA Popularity Discussion Request Date: Thu, 9 Sep 2004 03:02:19 +0400 (MSD) Organization: Cuivre, Argent, Or Message-ID: References: <1m4nnmjq31u5p.1ufrf06w53qsz.dlg@40tude.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: lovelace.ada-france.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii X-Trace: melchior.cuivre.fr.eu.org 1094684464 37126 212.85.156.195 (8 Sep 2004 23:01:04 GMT) X-Complaints-To: usenet@melchior.cuivre.fr.eu.org NNTP-Posting-Date: Wed, 8 Sep 2004 23:01:04 +0000 (UTC) To: comp.lang.ada@ada-france.org Return-Path: In-Reply-To: <1m4nnmjq31u5p.1ufrf06w53qsz.dlg@40tude.net>; from "Dmitry A. Kazakov" at Wed, 8 Sep 2004 21:12:20 +0200 X-Mailer: Mail/@ [v2.44 MSDOS] X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new-20030616-p10 (Debian) at ada-france.org X-BeenThere: comp.lang.ada@ada-france.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.4 Precedence: list List-Id: "Gateway to the comp.lang.ada Usenet newsgroup" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Xref: g2news1.google.com comp.lang.ada:3513 Date: 2004-09-09T03:02:19+04:00 Dmitry A. Kazakov wrote: > Where is then any > difference between static and dynamic typing? There is *no* one. From this > perspective, dynamically typed systems are subset of statical ones. Just as any manifold (from differential topology) - like sphere... or even better - like Klein's bottle - is a subset (sub-manifold) of Euclidean space of higher dimension (this isn't too obvious, but Whitney theorem stands for this). But topologists very often are considering manifolds without immersing them into appropriate Euclidean space - and they do that for good reasons. Yes, you always can consider dynamically typed system as a subsystem of some statically typed system, but the latter generally will be substantially heavier (in terms of precise description, full understanding and resources needed for its maintenance). Alexander Kopilovich aek@vib.usr.pu.ru Saint-Petersburg Russia